During ABMR, DSAs play pivotal roles and the incidence of DSAs ranges from 20 to 30% among renal allograft recipients. Long-lived plasma cells reside in the bone marrow and inflamed tissue, and they can produce alloantibodies as long as life-time and this phenomenon plays a crucial role in ABMR. In the management of ABMR, prevention of production and elimination of DSAs are fundamental. The graft injury is mediated by the LLPCs via the generation of DSAs, including preformed antibodies in sensitized patients and de novo antibodies after transplantation.