Vaccines play an imperative role to help prevent potentially life-threatening infections such as meningitis, influenza, and polio.1 However, there is significant lead time between production and delivery to produce high-quality vaccines that meet public health needs. Production of vaccines delivered today may have commenced up to 36 months ago, and those in development now will be delivered in 2021-2022.2
For example, the hexavalent paediatric vaccine takes 3 years to manufacture with extensive manufacturing and testing procedures: