Immunology

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) creates substantial patient burden through persistent wheals, angioedema, and debilitating itch that severely disrupts daily functioning. Emerging evidence positions type 2 inflammation as a driver of CSU pathogenesis. IL-4 plays a particularly crucial role by stimulating excessive IgE production and promoting formation of IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies—both pathways that trigger mast cell degranulation and subsequent CSU symptoms. This mechanistic understanding has opened therapeutic opportunities targeting type 2 inflammatory pathways for patients who remain symptomatic despite standard antihistamine therapy.​

Citation: Geba et al. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2025;Vol.151: 756-766

The programme brought together international and local experts to discuss the evolving understanding of Type 2 inflammation in atopic dermatitis, with a focus on IL-4 and IL-13, disease modification, and the importance of early intervention across different patient populations. 

Nearly 1 in 3 patients with uncontrolled moderate‑to‑severe type 2 asthma achieved clinical remission with dupilumab. Our latest update highlights key QUEST/TRAVERSE data, remission criteria, and implications for practice.

LIBERTY AD CHRONOS was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults with 
moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis

LIBERTY AD SOLO-CONTINUE was a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial at 185 sites in North America, Europe, Asia, and Japan.

LIBERTY AD HAFT was a randomized phase 3 trial in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe hand and foot atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled with topicals.

Efficacy is shown through real-world evidence, skin bacterial microbiome, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and nonatopic comorbidities.