Do antibiotics cause obesity through long-term alterations in the gut microbiome? A review of current evidence

Current evidence on the association between antibiotics and the subsequent development of obesity through modulation of the gut microbiome has been summarized. Particular emphasis is given on:

Animal and human studies and their limitations
The reservoir of antibiotics in animal feed, emerging antibiotic resistance, gut dysbiosis, and obesity
The role of infections, specifically viral infections, as a cause of obesity
The potential therapeutic approaches other than antibiotics to modulate gut microbiome