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Multiple Sclerosis - Smouldering-Associated Worsening

 

 

 

Prof. Granziera explains how SAW manifests clinically in MS patients, explores the critical role of microglia in driving this underlying disease process and clarifies the distinct characteristics of CALs, SELs and PRLs. Specific MRI protocols are needed to identify these features and targeting the smouldering process could potentially modify disease progression.

CALs

Chronic Active Lesions

 

What are CALs? How do they arise? What do they really represent?
In this short video, Prof. Granziera and Prof. Dal Bianco provide insights into these questions.

PRLs

Paramagnetic Rim Lesions

 

In this short video, learn from Prof. Granziera how field strength can influence the visualization of PRLs.

CALs types

Chronic Active Lesions

 

In this short video, Prof. Dal Bianco discusses the different subgroups of CALs and their respective life cycles.

CALs clinical relevance

Chronic Active Lesions

 

Are CALs clinically relevant? Are they valuable enough to determine an individual clinical course for patients? Do they affect cognition or only motor functions?
In this short video, listen to Prof. Granziera and Prof. Dal Bianco’s response.

CALs key takeaways

Chronic Active Lesions

 

What should be remembered about CALs? In this short video, Prof. Granziera presents the relevance of this biomarker in multiple sclerosis.

SAW = Smouldering Associated Worsening, CALs = Chronic Active Lesions, PRLs = Paramagnetic Rim Lesions, SELs = Slowly Expanding Lesions, MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging 

MAT-CH-2500641 – v1.0 – 05/2025